All India Institute of Medical Sciences (AIIMS) Kalyani was officially approved, under the Pradhan Mantri Swasthya Suraksha Yojana (PMSSY), by Union Cabinet on October 07, 2015. The Institute was approved to be established over a span of 179.82-acre land on National Highway – 34 around 50 km from Kolkata, in the village of Basantapur, near Kalyani, District Nadia, West Bengal. 

The Institute was established by the Central Government in exercise of the powers conferred by the proviso to sub-section (1) of Section 3 of the All India Institutes of Medical Sciences Act, 1956 (25 of 1956) as per Ministry of Health and Family Welfare notification dated 24th January, 2018.

AIIMS Kalyani is an Institute of National Importance set up with the aim to address imbalances at three levels – regional, specialties, and ratio of medical doctors to nurses and other healthcare professionals. It intends to develop patterns of teaching in undergraduate and postgraduate medical education in all its branches so as to demonstrate a high standard of medical education to all medical colleges and other allied institutions in India.

In phase-I, AIIMS Kalyani is proposed to be a 960 bedded hospital equipped with all modern facilities. To further enhance healthcare delivery, AIIMS Kalyani lays special emphasis on Alternate Systems of Medicine, AYUSH. In subsequent phases, AIIMS Kalyani is likely to widen the spectrum of services through the expansion of various super-specialty departments.

Dr. Chitra Sarkar, Professor, Department of Pathology, and Dean (Research), AIIMS, New Delhi,  was nominated as  the first President of AIIMS Kalyani, in 2018.

AIIMS Kalyani started its first academic session from September 04, 2019, with a batch of 50 MBBS students. 

In May 2020, Prof. (Dr.) Ramji Singh joined as the first Executive Director of AIIMS Kalyani.